Bayesian network-based extraction of lunar impact craters from optical images and DEM data

Impact craters are among the most noticeable geomorphological features on the planetary surface and yield significant information about terrain evolution and the history of the solar system. Thus, the recognition of impact craters is an important branch of modern planetary studies. Aiming at addressing problems associated with the insufficient and inaccurate detection of lunar impact craters, a decision fusion method within the Bayesian network (BN) framework is developed in this paper to handle multi-source information from both optical images and associated digital elevation model (DEM) data. First, we implement the edge-based method for efficiently searching crater candidates which are the image patches that can potentially contain impact craters. Secondly, the multi-source representations of an impact crater derived from both optical images and DEM data are proposed and constructed to quantitatively describe the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) morphology, consisting of Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG), Histogram of Multi-scale Slope (HMS) and Histogram of Multi-scale Aspect (HMA). Finally, a BN-based framework integrates the multi-source representations of impact craters, which can provide reductant and complementary information, for distinguishing craters from non-craters. To evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, experiments were conducted on three lunar scenes using both orthoimages from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and DEM data acquired by the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA). Experimental results demonstrate that integrating optical images with DEM data significantly decreases the number of false positives compared with using optical images alone, with F₁-score of 84.8% on average. Moreover, compared with other existing fusion methods, our proposed method was quite advantageous especially for the detection of small-scale craters with diameters less than 1000 m.     

多机构比对融合的分布式InSAR编队星间基线确定

星间基线高精度确定是分布式干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）系统完成科学任务的重要保证,受星载全球定位系统（GPS）接收机连续跟踪弧段短、个别弧段共视GPS卫星个数少或模糊度固定成功率低、频繁轨道机动等因素影响,分布式InSAR高精度基线确定仍有不可靠的风险。通过多机构产品互比来识别基线精度较差的时间段,降低不可靠风险,并通过多机构产品融合进一步提高基线精度。选用重力反演与气候实验（GRACE）卫星数据进行实验,国防科技大学（NDT）和西安测绘研究所（CHS）采用不同的基线处理软件和简化动力学策略,保证了各自的基线产品具有一定的独立性。实验表明,多机构互比对可以有效识别基线精度较差的时间段,NDT和CHS的基线产品之间具有很好的一致性,互比对残差的均方根（RMS）在R、T、N方向分别为0.7、0.9、0.7 mm,二者之间没发现明显系统偏差,大约97.86%的基线三维互比对残差量级在2 mm以内。两个机构基线产品融合后发现可进一步降低基线产品中的随机波动误差,K/Ka波段测距（KBR）系统校核结果表明融合基线产品精度较NDT基线产品提高8.97%,较CHS基线产品提高29.21%。     

基于气路参数融合的涡扇发动机性能退化预测

针对单参数驱动的涡扇发动机性能退化预测精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于气路参数融合的涡扇发动机性能退化预测的方法。通过监测发动机性能退化过程中多源参数,采用专家经验和核主成分分析相结合的方法,进行发动机性能参数的选择和融合,从而构建健康参数。基于非线性Wiener过程构建涡扇发动机退化模型,采用极大似然方法求得发动机退化模型的离线参数估计值;由于不同发动机性能退化的差异性,基于贝叶斯更新理念对随机参数进行实时更新,可以实现对单台发动机的性能退化实时预测。通过实例验证,采用此方法在预测末端方均根误差为0.028 3,整体预测精度提升了54.5%,可以辅助指导维修决策。      

基于地面分布式数据中心的天地一体化网络

天地一体化网络通常具有覆盖范围广、数据传输量大等特点。现有的一体化网络研究侧重于网络间传输协议,以及如何有效管理网络资源等。但考虑到当前卫星网络数据处理能力相对较差,而地面网络发展已非常成熟,因此将一体化网络与数据中心网络融合,把数据中心网分布式地接入骨干光网络中,卫星作为网络的传输节点与地面分布式数据中心网络构成统一整体;以中国电信骨干网为基础,针对一体化网络的内部传输代价和外部请求代价等多种因素,进行折中,使用整数线性规划得到网络的最优化部署。所提出的网络架构能很好地满足一体化网络的要求,提供了一种具有竞争力的信息平台设计架构。     

融合粗糙集与D-S证据理论的航空装备故障诊断

针对航空电子装备故障诊断中出现的多源诊断信息存在冲突的情况,基于粗糙集与证据理论在处理不确定问题时的优势,提出了一种融合粗糙集与证据理论的故障诊断方法.该方法利用粗糙集将信息源给出的诊断数据转化为证据理论中的mass函数,进行结果融合.同时,该方法给出边界粗糙熵的定义,并基于边界粗糙熵获得反映各信息源在诊断融合过程中重要度的动态权重参数,提出一种新的证据理论的冲突合成规则.仿真实验表明,该方法可以有效地提升诊断信息融合结果的准确性,在航空电子装备故障诊断方面有较好的实用价值.      

Real-time mosaicking for infrared videos from an oblique sweeping camera

Image mosaicking is widely used in Geographic Information Systems (GISs) for large-scale ground surface analysis. However, most existing mosaicking methods can only be used in offline processing due to the enormous amounts of computation. In this paper, we propose a novel and practical algorithm for real-time infrared video mosaicking. To achieve this, a novel fast template matching algorithm based on Sum of Cosine Differences (SCD) is proposed to coarsely match the sequential images. The high speed of the proposed template matching algorithm is obtained by computing correlation with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). We also propose a novel fast Least Squares Matching (LSM) algorithm for inter-frame fine registration, which can significantly reduce the computation without degrading the matching accuracy. In addition, the proposed fast LSM can effectively adapt for noise degradation and geometric distortion. Based on the proposed fast template matching algorithm and fine registration algorithm, we develop a practical real-time mosaicking approach which can produce seamless mosaic image highly efficiently. Experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is not just computationally efficient but also robust against various noise distortions.     

利用飞机观测报告提高空中颠簸临近预报预警能力

空中颠簸是民航飞行安全较难防范的安全隐患。观测是预报的基础,目前困扰空中颠簸预报的最大瓶颈是缺乏有效的空中颠簸观测手段,利用飞机观测报告有助于提高空中颠簸的预警预报能力。     

The impact of orbital errors on the estimation of satellite clock errors and PPP

Precise satellite orbit and clocks are essential for providing high accuracy real-time PPP (Precise Point Positioning) service. However, by treating the predicted orbits as fixed, the orbital errors may be partially assimilated by the estimated satellite clock and hence impact the positioning solutions. This paper presents the impact analysis of errors in radial and tangential orbital components on the estimation of satellite clocks and PPP through theoretical study and experimental evaluation. The relationship between the compensation of the orbital errors by the satellite clocks and the satellite-station geometry is discussed in details. Based on the satellite clocks estimated with regional station networks of different sizes (∼100, ∼300, ∼500 and ∼700 km in radius), results indicated that the orbital errors compensated by the satellite clock estimates reduce as the size of the network increases. An interesting regional PPP mode based on the broadcast ephemeris and the corresponding estimated satellite clocks is proposed and evaluated through the numerical study. The impact of orbital errors in the broadcast ephemeris has shown to be negligible for PPP users in a regional network of a radius of ∼300 km, with positioning RMS of about 1.4, 1.4 and 3.7 cm for east, north and up component in the post-mission kinematic mode, comparable with 1.3, 1.3 and 3.6 cm using the precise orbits and the corresponding estimated clocks. Compared with the DGPS and RTK positioning, only the estimated satellite clocks are needed to be disseminated to PPP users for this approach. It can significantly alleviate the communication burdens and therefore can be beneficial to the real time applications.     

模糊传感器与区间型多属性决策的信息融合方法

对于日益复杂的信息环境和变化的目标特性,现有的多传感器信息融合方法大多为"静态的",较少考虑传感器可信度变化以及测量过程中的多维特征指标权重的时效性给融合结果带来的影响.为了解决此问题,提出了一种基于模糊理论与区间型多属性决策的信息融合方法.该方法从各传感器对模糊命题支持度的一致性来定义其信息质最优化度,用区间数与多属性决策理论来定义特征识别综合置信度,并从这两方面客观确定了传感器的融合权重,较好地解决了对传感器信息与目标特征权重为模糊与不确定时的合理评价,以此构建了一个智能优化决策层融合识别模型.最后以弹道目标识别实验证明了此方法有较好的时效性和准确性.